Key Legal Checklist For Buying A Property

 What is the basic legal due diligence that a property buyer must do like having a flat purchase checklist, to safeguard one’s investment and ensure clear title to the property? We Explain...

Property investments are highly capital intensive and any mistake made during the process, can cause a great deal of trouble for the buyer. This makes it imperative for a buyer to exercise due caution while examining the property documents.

Interestingly, land might be a physical asset but who it belongs to, cannot be merely proven by a claim of ownership – the same must be validated by several documents that prove the ownership status of the property.

With proper legal advice, scrutiny of documents and verification of relevant information pertaining to the property, the buyer can ensure that the investment brings peace of mind and a sense of security.

In this article, we talk at length about things to consider before buying a land in India, documents a buyer has to seek and examine before he is ready to sign a deal.

1. Flat Purchase Checklist

It is a settled legal principle that a person cannot convey a better title, than what he himself has. As a first step, the buyer should undertake due diligence, to ascertain the existence of the title with the seller, the nature of the title and its marketability and the ability of the seller to convey clear and marketable title, free from encumbrance. Documents, for a period of 30 years, if not more (and where documents are not available, for minimum period of 12 years), must be examined and the seller may be called upon to provide the following documents / information:

• Title documents of the property: Government order for grant, succession certificate, sale deed, gift deed, will, partition deed, etc., evidencing the transfer of title over the years, culminating in the vesting of property with the seller.


• Nature of title: Leasehold, freehold, or development right.


• In case of the seller claiming development rights to the property, the development agreement and power of attorney, executed by the owners in favour of the seller.


• All title documents being duly stamped and registered at the office of the jurisdictional sub-registrar of assurances.


• Khata registered in the name of the seller.


• Information on pending or past litigation.


• Availability of original title documents with the seller.

2. Verify the Identity of the Seller

Similar to verifying the title to the property, the buyer should also ascertain the identity of the seller and any specific conditions, governing the ability of the seller to convey the property. The following instances may be noted for illustration:

• Residence status and nationality of the seller, in case of an individual and whether consents from government authorities are required for the sale.


• Identification of all owners, in case of properties held jointly.


• Where the seller is a company, trust, partnership firm, society, etc. The constitution documents of the entity are necessary to confirm its ability to own and transfer the property, besides ascertaining that the person executing and registering the sale deed is duly authorised.


• Orders from the competent court, permitting sale of the property and appointing a guardian, where the property is held by a minor or person of unsound mind.

Documents to check before buying a plot include documents that typically help you to ascertain the identity of the seller, include one’s Aadhaar number, PAN number, passport, income tax returns, salary certificates, etc.

3. Conversion and Land-use permissions

With increasing urbanisation and merging of revenue lands with urban conglomerates, conversion of property for non-agricultural use assumes crucial significance, since several state laws restrict purchase of agricultural property by non-agriculturists. Secondly, the buyer must examine the Master Plan and satisfy that the property is developed in accordance with the zoning plan – such as residential, commercial, industrial, public/semi-public, parks and open spaces, etc. Where actual use is different from the notified zoning, obtaining orders from the Town Planning Authority permitting change of land use, is mandatory. So remember these things to check before buying land.

4. Construction Approvals

Now let us see documents to be verified before buying a land with constructed building. For purchase of apartment or land with constructed building, the buyer should also scrutinise the building plan / layout plan sanctioned by the local municipal authorities, along with approvals issued by government, statutory and regulatory authorities, for providing infrastructure facilities, water, sewage, electricity, environmental clearance, fire safety approval, etc.

It is necessary to request the builder for copies of NOCs from different departments, such as the Pollution Board, Environment Department, Sewage Board and Traffic and Coordination Department, which forms the ‘intimation of disapproval’ or the first permit required for building construction.

5. Occupancy Certificate

It is mandatory for the seller to obtain the occupancy certificate from the competent authority, prior to conveying the property. Use of the property, without obtaining occupancy, exposes the buyer to penalty under the applicable building bye-laws, besides the risk of demolition of the property.

6. Status of Tax Payment

Non-payment of property taxes constitute a charge on the property, affecting its marketability. So, the buyer must verify with the municipal authorities that the seller has not defaulted on payment of property taxes.

Do ask for the receipts of all utility bills from the seller. Please note here that once the property is transferred in your name, you will be liable to pay all pending dues against the property, utility or otherwise.

7. Encumbrance

Searches at the jurisdictional sub-registrar office or the official web portal of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (if the seller is a company) will reveal information of any registered encumbrance on the property. For instance, you can check with department of stamps and registration Maharashtra for encumbrance details on properties in Maharashtra. By way of caution, the purchaser may also issue public notice in newspapers, prior to completing the transaction, calling for claims from interested third parties, if any.

8. Physical Survey and Access to the property

The buyer may undertake a physical survey and confirm the extent and measurement of the property. In the case of land, it is advisable to identify and demarcate the boundaries and access to the property and further, ascertain any other physical attributes that may impede enjoyment of the property.

9. Compliance under the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA)

The RERA mandates that developers should register their projects with the authority constituted under the Act. A buyer, intending to buy a property in a project coming under the ambit of the RERA is advised to verify whether property has been registered with the authority. Information available on the official web portal of RERA for each state also provides details of any cases / complaints filed against the developer of the project and default by developer, if any and thus, provides useful insight into the credibility of the developer and the project and helps the buyer make an informed choice.

Buyers should take note of the fact that the law mandates that all real estate brokers should also be registered with the state RERA, in order to operate legally. Hence, hire a property broker, only after asking for his RERA registration. Also, note that agents need to get their RERA registrations renewed, periodically. Ensure that you are dealing with the right person. One of the biggest benefits of having a regulatory body is that it requires a standard process of operation and violators are penalised.

10. Documents required in case of Loan Outstanding

In case there is any loan outstanding on the property you are buying, it is crucial to perform due diligence and check some documents, before signing a deal. As a potential buyer, you can ask the seller to clear the outstanding home loan amount or a part of it, obtain the original property documents from the bank and get the property registered in your name, after which you can pay the remaining amount.

You can also apply for the transfer of the seller’s loan to your name, in case you are planning to take a loan for the property’s purchase. The bank will be responsible for the KYC, checking your eligibility and checking the seller’s file, before transferring the loan to your name. You must ask for a copy of the title documents and statements pertaining to the loan outstanding due from the bank, to ensure there is full disclosure.

It is advisable that the buyer requests for the closure of the loan and gets a ‘no dues certificate’ from the bank, before the purchase.

Risks of Proceeding with a Property Purchase without Due Diligence

Unless you are absolutely certain of the credentials of the seller and his ownership over the asset is duly testified by documentary proof, a buyer should avoid getting into a deal, irrespective of how lucrative it might seem. Sometimes, people try to sell disputed properties at low prices. This prospect might seem attractive in the beginning but would eventually prove to be a major headache. Also, never engage with a seller who wants you to use unaccounted money to make the purchase in order to save taxes. This could also lead to a lot of future troubles.

Some Quick Tips for buyers:

• Never agree to sign on the dotted line, without doing your own research.


• Even if an agent or a developer is recommended by people know to you, check their RERA ID and registration.


• Never agree to offer money in black, in lieu of tax discounts.


• Do not agree to buy/sell a property on someone else’s behalf.

Should I check the PoA?

PoA stands for Power of Attorney and this is a legal instrument that gives another person the authority to act as a legal owner, on behalf of the actual owner. If you are buying a property, make sure that you check these documents, to ascertain the rights of the PoA holder.

Do banks do Due Diligence on the buyer’s behalf?

If you are a prospective home buyer, who has submitted their documentation and papers with a bank and looking forward to your home loan being sanctioned, rest assured, your bank will do the due diligence. However, do not leave it to the bank altogether. The number of property-related cases that find their way into Indian courts every year, is a reminder that one must be careful throughout the home buying journey.

Documents To Check before buying a resale flat

Prospective home buyers planning to purchase a resale property, should take note of certain things and rules to make an informed decision. Firstly, all the documents required during the primary sale of property are also required in the case of a resale property. If one is buying a flat in a housing complex, the original sale deed and society share of certificate are crucial documents to consider.

• The home buyer should check if the property has a sanctioned building plan from the local authority.


• The Completion Certificate (CC) or Occupancy Certificate (OC) issued by the local authorities on the completion of the project, prove that the property had been constructed as per the approved layout and building laws. The documents are need when applying for loans from a bank/ financial institution or for water/electricity connection.


• One should also ask for the possession certificate. The document is issued by the builder to the first owner and it is not re-issued in case of resale. However, the seller should hand over the same to the new buyer.


• Things to check before buying a house should include ensuring that the seller has cleared all dues pending to the society or against the house.


• Also, the encumbrance certificate is a vital document, which would prove that the property has no financial or legal liabilities. The certificate can be obtained from the registrar’s office where the property registration was done. For instance, an encumbrance certificate for a property in Maharashtra can be obtained from the SRO under department of stamps and registration Maharashtra.


• When opting for a resale property, buyers should check the mutation deed and get a copy of previously registered agreements.


• If the property is mortgaged, an undertaking by the owner must be given to the bank, mentioning that he or she has agreed to give property documents to the buyer upon the home loan foreclosure. Upon transferring money to the seller’s account, the bank will release all the original property papers along with a no-objection certificate (NOC).

Importance of Checking Electricity Bills while buying a property

A sale deed is one of the most important documents which forms the basis of the legal proof for sale and the transfer of ownership of the property in question. Sales deed registered under Department of stamps and registration Maharashtra has detailed information of the property in question and such information is mutually decided by the buyer and the seller. The deed consists of details such as terms and conditions, the selling price of the property, etc.

Importance of Khata Certificate and Extract while buying a property

A Khata is a document that acts as a proof that the property has been constructed according to local laws, authorised plans and regulations. It is important to check the validity and legal status while buying a property. Khata certificate is a must while registration of a new property as well as the transfer of property.

Importance of Sale Deed while buying a property

A sale deed is one of the most important documents which forms the basis of the legal proof for sale and the transfer of ownership of the property in question. The sale deed has detailed information of the property in question and such information is mutually decided by the buyer and the seller. The deed consists of details such as terms and conditions, the selling price of the property, etc.

What are the Features of a Sale Deed that must be checked while buying a property?

1. A sale deed must be registered in the office of the sub-registrar in whose jurisdiction the property falls.


2. The sale deed must be registered within four months from its date of execution. It is one of the most important steps in buying a property.


3. If the sale deed is not registered in this time frame, a penalty will have to be paid otherwise, the deed registration would stand invalid.


4. The sale deed can also be called ‘Title Deed’ or ‘Mother Deed’ or ‘Conveyance Deed’.


5. For future selling of the property, the sale deed will again be the most important document.


6. The sale deed acts as documented proof of the ownership of the property. It must be carefully examined before buying property.


7. Before executing the sale deed, the buyer must check if the property in question has a clear title.


8. The seller of the property must settle all statutory payments such as electricity bills, water charges, property tax, society charges and maintenance charges before preparing the sale deed.

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Top 13 Most Innovative Schools In The World

 Innovation in education can look like a lot of things, like incorporating new technology or teaching methods, going on field trips, rejecting social norms or partnering with the local community. It can be a floating school in an impoverished region, like the one in Lagos, Nigeria or it can be a school that’s blind to gender, like Egalia, in Stockholm, Sweden. Here is a list of Top 13 Most Innovative Schools In The World. Keep scrolling to see what the future of education can, and probably should, look like.

1. Makoko Floating School. Lagos, Nigeria – The school that floats

In the floating neighborhood of Makoko, this all ages school serves as a communal learning space and example for future building projects in Africa’s coastal regions.

Makoko’s triangular frame is three stories high, built to resist rising water levels in the lagoon. At 1,000 square feet, the school (created by architecture firm NLÉ, the Heinrich Böll Foundation and the United Nations) includes a play area, compost toilets, and classrooms, all of which can house up to 100 students or residents.

The UN estimates that by 2050, 28 African countries will see their populations double. Considering the fact that Africa currently has the youngest age distribution of any global regions, there is an ever-growing need to help those children who don’t have access to basic services.

2. Ørestad Gymnasium. Copenhagen, Denmark – The school in a cube

Ørestad Gymnasium is one giant classroom, where more than 1,100 high school students spend half their time learning in an expansive glass cube — a “gymnasium,” as parts of Europe still call secondary schools — to avoid traditional instruction. By encouraging students to collaborate in wide-open settings, the school hopes kids will be equipped to think flexibly on diverse topics later in life.

The open spaces, which are adorned with equally spacious “drums” for a more relaxed learning environment, encourage students to assume an active role in their own education. Kids break off into groups and form makeshift classrooms, sometimes with teachers to guide them. Movable walls and bookshelves create more intimate learning settings.

“It’s not enough to give them knowledge, you also have to give them a way of transforming knowledge into action,” Andersen says. “And that’s very important for us, and I think it is important for modern schools.”

3. Big Picture Learning. Rhode Island, USA – The school in the real world

The Big Picture Learning model breaks down the walls between education and the working world. From the beginning, k-12 students learn their creative passions will come first. To help stoke those passions, students are paired with mentors who work in the fields the students want to someday enter.

“The most important element of the education at a Big Picture Learning school is that students learn in the real world,” says Rodney Davis, communications director at Big Picture. The system is currently in place at 55 schools in the USA. To that end, each student completes an LTI, or Learning Through Internship. “The projects are connected to the student’s interests and meet the needs of the mentors,” Davis says, whether that involves starting a business, fixing up cars, or learning the letter of the law.

4. Egalia Preschool. Stockholm, Sweden – The school without gender

The Egalia school system is founded on total equality between students. The system is made up of two schools, Egalia and Nicolaigården, which reject gender-based pronouns in the hopes of grooming kids to think of one another on equal terms. Instead of “he” and “she,” kids are either called by their first names or referred to as “they.” It’s part of a mission to avoid discrimination of all kinds.

“That [includes] gender, religion, age, class, sexual orientation, gender expression, disability,” Headmaster Lotta Rajalin says. “This approach is imbued in every aspect of our day to day work with the children as well as in how we interact with the parents and each other.” Kids learn to judge each other on their actions, not stereotypes.

5. AltSchool. California, USA – The school of Silicon Valley

AltSchool is a complete departure from traditional education, shirking the traditional testing model for one that improves technology skills and gets kids thinking flexibly so they can adapt as the world changes. Kids turn everyday objects into circuit boards and learn 3D modeling to build playhouses, all in the pursuit of feeling comfortable with the future that greets them.

“The school experience can be so much more than consumption of facts and figures,” CEO Max Ventilla says. “We should be educating children from a whole-child lens where they learn to solve problem, social-emotional learning is prioritized, students should be part of the goal-setting process, and so on.”

6. Sra Pou Vocational School. Sra Pou village, Cambodia – The school for building community

Designed by Finnish architecture firm Rudanko + Kankkunen, the all-ages Cambodian school was built by community members, for community members, to learn how to turn their passions into full-fledged businesses. A local NGO provides teachers to guide students on that path.

Building the school was a lesson in itself, as architects created the structure side by side with local residents, giving them pointers on how to construct similarly styled buildings on their own.

The school allows families to gain independence, Rudanko + Kankkunen explain. Rather than toil away in low-paying jobs, men, women, and children can learn the ins and outs of pricing their homemade goods and selling them to people in their area. When it’s not in use as a school, the building serves as a town hall for democratic decision making and community meetings.

7. P-TECH High School. New York, USA – The school that bridges high school and college

P-TECH or Pathways in Technology Early College High School was launched in 2011 by IBM to give teens in New York a way into college that avoided the usual four-year high-school track. Instead, P-TECH students complete a six-year degree. Boosted by mentorship and internships in STEM fields, the fifth and sixth years earn students an associate’s degree from the nearby New York City College of Technology, and many go on to pursue a bachelor’s degree afterward.

“P-TECH is transforming high school,” IBM’s Stanley Litow, key architect of the P-TECH model. This offers students “a clear pathway from school to career, giving young people options that they could not imagine, and directly advancing the nation’s economy.” The first graduating class left P-TECH this year, two years ahead of schedule, with both degrees under their belt.

8. Steve Jobs School. Amsterdam, The Netherlands – The school that thinks different

Like its namesake suggests, the Steve Jobs school rejects the conventional wisdom in full: Instead of corralling kids through the same educational system, they go at their own pace.

Maurice de Hond, the school’s founder, says that each student begins with an Individual Development Plan (IDP), which is evaluated and readjusted every six weeks by the child, his or her parents, and the coach. (The school doesn’t call them “teachers.”) “Based on the outcome of the IDP,” de Hond says, “the child is offered new personal learning challenges and instruction moments to choose from.”

All students in the 4th to 12th grade school receive iPads fully loaded with apps to guide individualized learning. The goal is to get kids designing their own education. “In a Steve Jobs School,” de Hond says, “no child is an exception as every child works at its own pace.”

9. Brightworks School. California, USA – The school that teaches dangerously

Launched by visionary Gever Tulley in 2011, Brightworks takes some of the most dangerous things parents tell their kids not to do and makes an entire curriculum out of them. Kids in grades K to 12 get dirty, play with fire, take apart home appliances, and complete art projects all in the same day. “We invite students to be co-authors of their education, embracing and supporting the individual and the unique set of skills and interests that motivate them,” Tulley and Justine Macauley, Brightworks’ program coordinator.

The school is housed in an expansive warehouse filled with art and forts and makeshift theaters — items all meant to tap into kids’ creative side. “The world needs more people who see the hardest challenges as interesting puzzles and have the creative capacity, skills, and tenacity to make change happen,” Tulley and Macauley say. They are people “who take joy in contributing instead of consuming, participating actively in the world, and who empathize across social and economic boundaries.”

10. Carpe Diem Schools. Ohio, USA – The school built like an office

The Carpe Diem school look more like an office building than a classroom. Inside the main room, known as The Learning Center, there are 300 cubicles (one for each student). These cubes house a computer that guides the student through his or her education.

“We personalize education,” Carpe Diem CEO Dr. Robert Sommers says. “We start by understanding the student and then adapt our work to meet their needs to succeed.” If students have trouble with their online learning, they can turn to instructors for help. It’s a model that has paid off big time in the handful of Carpe Diem schools, which go from grades 3 to 12, across the US.

11. Innova Schools. Peru – The school built by world-class designers.

Innova is Peru’s response to failing standardized education in the country. The school combines several different forms of instruction — tech-heavy online learning, guided lessons, group work — in a setting that was designed to be modular and adaptable to the location. Ex-engineer Jorge Yzusqui millionaire businessman Carlos Rodriguez-Pastor approached Yzusqui with plans to collaborate and expand, with help from global design firm IDEO. Today, there are 29 schools across the country.

Students spend half their day deeply immersed in guided online education and the other half receiving more traditional instruction. The tech-heavy school, which is open to kids in Kindergarten through 11th grade, only costs parents roughly $130 a month. So far, it’s been wildly successful, too. In 2013, 61% percent of Innova second-graders reached proficiency in federal math exams. The national average was just 17%.

12. Blue School. New York, USA – The school fusing compassion and creativity.

Creativity is king at Blue School, which was founded as a playgroup in 2006 by the Blue Man Group. Sensing a gap in how schools operated, the group strove to bring its quirkiness and love of inquiry into education.

As part of the curriculum, kids in grades 2 to 8 come up with ways to improve recycling, create 3D models of New York City, and fix home appliances. They gain an intimacy with real-world problems that few kids are exposed to in learning their times tables with flash cards.

Its system of “dynamic learning” ranges from age 2 to grade 8. No matter their age, kids are taught that creating and implementing novel ideas is a critical set of skills. “Studies show that fostering and explicitly teaching social and intellectual skills in school results in the adaptable thinkers, collaborative problem solvers, and irrepressible innovators that an unknowable and quickly changing world demands,” Blue School officials tell Tech Insider.

13. Santiniketan. West Bengal, India – The school under the Banyan trees.

As a child Rabindranath Tagore disliked going to school. He found it oppressing and suffocating. He could never do what he felt like doing. While other children listened to the teacher, Tagore’s mind would wander away. The experience of his schooling in Calcutta shaped his ideas towards education. Rabindranath Tagore’s dream was materialised in Patha Bhavana in Santiniketan, the school of his ideals, whose central premise was that learning in a natural environment would be more enjoyable and fruitful. After he received the Nobel Prize (1913), the school was expanded into a university in 1921. By 1951, it had become one of India’s central universities. He created a form of authentic education which he believed was more true to the needs children growing up in rural India than conventional, didactic schooling.

Tagore felt that childhood is a time for self-learning. The natural desire of the child to be creative should be encouraged. Tagore felt that creative learning could be encouraged only within a natural environment. Living in harmony with nature, children could cultivate their creativity. Today Visva Bharati is one of the most renowned universities in the world. Indira Gandhi, Satyajit Ray, Amartya Sen are among its most illustrious students.

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Kids And Food: 10 Tips For Parents

 It's no surprise that parents might need some help understanding what it means to eat healthy. From the MyPlate food guide to the latest food fad, it can be awfully confusing.

The good news is that you don't need a degree in nutrition to raise healthy kids. Following some basic guidelines can help you encourage your kids to eat right and maintain a healthy weight.

Here are 10 key rules to live by:

1. Parents control the supply lines. You decide which foods to buy and when to serve them. Though kids will pester their parents for less nutritious foods, adults should be in charge when deciding which foods are regularly stocked in the house. Kids won't go hungry. They'll eat what's available in the cupboard and fridge at home. If their favorite snack isn't all that nutritious, you can still buy it once in a while so they don't feel deprived.

2. From the foods you offer, kids get to choose what they will eat or whether to eat at all. Kids need to have some say in the matter. Schedule regular meal and snack times. From the selections you offer, let them choose what to eat and how much of it they want. This may seem like a little too much freedom. But if you follow step 1, your kids will be choosing only from the foods you buy and serve.

3. Quit the "clean-plate club." Let kids stop eating when they feel they've had enough. Lots of parents grew up under the clean-plate rule, but that approach doesn't help kids listen to their own bodies when they feel full. When kids notice and respond to feelings of fullness, they're less likely to overeat.

4. Start them young. Food preferences are developed early in life, so offer variety. Likes and dislikes begin forming even when kids are babies. You may need to serve a new food a few different times for a child to accept it. Don't force a child to eat, but offer a few bites. With older kids, ask them to try one bite.

5. Rewrite the kids' menu. Who says kids only want to eat hot dogs, pizza, burgers, and macaroni and cheese? When eating out, let your kids try new foods and they might surprise you with their willingness to experiment. You can start by letting them try a little of whatever you ordered or ordering an appetizer for them to try.

6. Drink calories count. Soda and other sweetened drinks add extra calories and get in the way of good nutrition. Water and milk are the best drinks for kids. Juice is fine when it's 100%, but kids don't need much of it — 4 to 6 ounces a day is enough for preschoolers.

7. Put sweets in their place. Occasional sweets are fine, but don't turn dessert into the main reason for eating dinner. When dessert is the prize for eating dinner, kids naturally place more value on the cupcake than the broccoli. Try to stay neutral about foods.

8. Food is not love. Find better ways to say "I love you." When foods are used to reward kids and show affection, they may start using food to cope with stress or other emotions. Offer hugs, praise, and attention instead of food treats.

9. Kids do as you do. Be a role model and eat healthy yourself. When trying to teach good eating habits, try to set the best example possible. Choose nutritious snacks, eat at the table, and don't skip meals.

10. Limit TV and computer time. When you do, you'll avoid mindless snacking and encourage activity. Research has shown that kids who cut down on TV-watching also reduced their percentage of body fat. When TV and computer time are limited, they'll find more active things to do. And limiting "screen time" means you'll have more time to be active together.

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Thane rains: 18 trees uprooted, waterlogging reported at few places

 THANE: As many as 18 trees uprooted in the city and few others mishaps, including structure collapse were reported on Monday, officials informed.

The 12 hour rainfall reading starting 8.30am on Tuesday recorded 20mm showers, which was enough for around 18 big trees from across various parts of the city collapsing.

Few structures, including one along the hill slopes in Ambika Nagar in Wagle estate area, were declared dangerous after the soil underneath sank while a part of a residential structure collapsed in Rabodi.

Three incidents of waterlogging were reported from various parts of the suburbs during the initial spell of heavy showers in the city, informed officials.

Meanwhile, a large part of the weather shed installed atop a seven storey building got dislodged from its framework and crashed on a neighbouring building near Kharkar Aali area of old Thane, officials informed.

Avinash Sawant, chief of regional disaster management cell said the civic rescue staff managed to remove the dislodged part that was approximately 35feet long and five feet wide from the adjoining building using ropes.

"The part may have loosened from the framework due to heavy winds in the area over the last few days and have now inspected the remaining structure," he said.

Luckily, no one was injured in any of the rain-related incidents reported in the city.

Traffic police take it upon themselves to fill potholes in Thane

 While the concerned authorities failed to provide any respite from potholes on Thane roads, the traffic police came to the rescue of commuters; Traffic police filled most of the potholes since early morning on Monday; as a result, the traffic situation was better than last week.

While the concerned authorities failed to provide any respite from potholes on Thane roads, the traffic police came to the rescue of commuters.

The police filled most of the potholes since early morning on Monday. As a result, the traffic situation was better than last week, especially along the Ghodbunder Road and Eastern Express Highway (EEH).

Last week, motorists were stuck in serpentine queues across the city. Office goers and school students were affected as most of them reached their destinations late. One of the major problems for the congestion was the potholes maintained by different authorities. The traffic was choked at several junctions like Majiwada, Kapurbawdi, Cadbury and Kopri junctions. Many believed that the situation would be the same throughout Monday. However, apart from the Mumbai-Nashik Highway, the traffic in Thane city was comparatively moving rather than being stuck.

Sushant Manchekar, 31, a resident of Thane (E) who travels to Mumbai through EEH, found it a little easy to commute on Monday as major potholes were filled by the traffic police. “There is traffic on this route daily. The situation was horrible last week. I was expecting a similar delay on Monday but I saw a few traffic police filing the potholes and clearing the block. It was a good gesture as we could reach the office on time.”

The roads in Thane city and those connecting the city are maintained by different authorities. Lack of co-ordination between these authorities also affects the maintenance of roads.

A traffic police official said, “Most of the authorities, too, assured that they were filling the potholes. However, since the work was getting delayed, we took it upon ourselves to fill at least the potholes at crucial spots so that office goers are not affected and there are no accidents. We did not have cold mix, so we used pebbles, stones and mud at Kapurbawdi-Saket Bridge, Vijaynagari on Ghodbunder Road and Bhiwandi roads.”

M Attarde, project director of National Highway Authority of India (NHAI), which maintains the Mumbai-Nashik Highway, said, “The agency maintaining the road has informed us that they have five teams already filling the potholes on the roads. If the traffic police have to fill them, then we will inquire why the potholes weren’t filled.”

Health Conditions Men Should Keep Track Of

 Biological, social and behavioural factors have led to differences in the most common causes of problems faced by men and women.

Men die younger than women and bear a greater burden of disease throughout their lives. They get sick at a younger age and have illnesses that last longer than women. Heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer and depression are the top male killers. However, men also face male-specific issues such as prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Heart disease:

Heart disease comes in many forms. All its manifestations can lead to serious and fatal complications if they are not noticed. One in three adult men has some form of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension and stroke are also common in men under the age of 45. Lifestyle modification and routine medical checkups can help manage heart-related risks, as your doctor can calculate your risk for cardiovascular disease based on several risk factors, including cholesterol, blood pressure and smoking habits.

Cancer:

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in men after heart disease. Skin, prostate, colon and lung cancers are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men. The combination of a healthy lifestyle and regular checkups ensures that disease stays at bay. Regularly applying sunscreen, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and reducing red meat consumption all help reduce the risk of cancer.

Diabetes:

Diabetes usually sets in without showing any signs. It raises blood sugar levels and eventually passes into the urine. Increased urination and thirst are the first visible signs of diabetes. High glucose acts like a slow poison on blood vessels and nerves throughout the body. Heart attacks, strokes, blindness, kidney failure and amputations are the consequences for many men.

If left untreated, diabetes causes nerve and kidney damage, increases the risk of heart disease and stroke, causes vision problems and blindness. Men with diabetes are also at risk for lower testosterone levels and sexual impotence, which in turn can lead to increased depression or anxiety.

Mental health and depression:

Depression in men can go unnoticed because the symptoms don't always match what they expect. Men sometimes experience depression as anger or irritability rather than sadness. They are also more likely to sweep these feelings under the rug.

It is often believed that depression affects women far more than men. In fact, it may be a tendency for men to hide feelings of depression, or to present them differently than women. When it comes to mental health issues like anxiety and depression, men are reluctant to seek help, which significantly increases the risk of suicidal behaviour. Given the stigma associated with mental health problems, especially among men, it is crucial to dispel misconceptions and make therapy more available to those in need.

Erectile dysfunction:

The most common cause of erectile dysfunction is atherosclerosis, the same condition that causes stroke and heart attack. In fact, having ED usually indicates that blood vessels throughout the body are not in good condition. Erectile dysfunction is considered by doctors to be an early risk symptom of cardiovascular disease. Although erectile dysfunction is not a life-threatening condition, it does indicate a serious health problem.

Erectile dysfunction affects two thirds of men over the age of 70 and up to 39 percent of men under the age of 40. Men with erectile dysfunction are less happy and more likely to be depressed.

The bad news is that the average man pays less attention to his health than the average woman. The good news is that men can be healthy by taking control of their lifestyle. Whether it's eating better, quitting bad habits like smoking, or getting regular check-ups, here are some steps you can take to prevent common health problems in men of all ages. Whatever health issues you face, you can take control of your well-being by taking preventative and proactive measures today.

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10 Things To Check Before Shifting To A Rented House

 When you finally discover a home that you want to rent after many trips to the neighbourhood, you would certainly be in a hurry to move in. However, before moving in, you must consider certain things to make your stay in the house pleasant.

Research well about the locality: When you begin the search process, choose a locality which is near your work place or college. This will not only save your commute time but also the travelling cost. However, proximity of the locality should not be the only consideration. Look for the social infrastructures like markets, bank branches, hospitals, etc, as these are must for you day-to-day living operations. You would want to leave your home and belongings safe and secure. Check if the locality has CCTV surveillance systems and watchmen or guards to protect your home when you are out.

Read your rent agreement thoroughly: When finalising the rent agreement, carefully read the clauses that specify the period for which you are entitled to stay and the period after which your landlord may ask for an increase in the rent. If you find any of the clauses disagreeable, talk and get it changed immediately.

Know your rights: A rent agreement gives you limited rights over the rented property and knowing about them would keep things clear between you and your landlord. For instance, your landlord cannot interfere with your personal lifestyle, cannot prevent any visitors from coming, and cannot dictate a time for you to reach home. He can also not ask you to vacate the property as long as the agreement is in force.

Consider the overall cost: A monthly amount is not the only money you have to pay while shifting to a rented accommodation. You will have to incur other expenses such as security deposit, advance rent, broker's fee, etc., before you make a move. Consider these costs as well and set your budget accordingly.

Check the goods: If you are moving into a fully furnished apartment, do have a close look at the furniture or appliances that are being provided. Ensure they are in a working conditions and not damaged.

Do the basic check: You would not like a choking bathroom sink or broken electrical fixtures in your new home, would you? Run each tap and switch on buttons to see if the water flow is fine and the lights are working all right. Also check that the house is freshly painted and there is no seepage inside the house.

Read meters: Always check the reading of the electric meter before you step into a rented accommodation. In fact, it is better to note the meter reading so that you can check the accuracy of the bills. Also, do not hesitate to ask your landlord about any dues.

Ask the neighbour: Your neighbours could be the best people to give you the right opinion about the house, locality and your landlord.

Check the windows and the doors: Another way to ensure safety at your home is by checking the doors, locks and windows of the property. Before finalising a place, make sure you check these for any fault or repair.

Get a clean home: Have a word with your landlord prior to the day you are shifting. Ask him to get the house cleaned before you shift.

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Petrol, Diesel, or CNG: Which Fuel Variant You Should Go For?

 One of the fundamental confusions while buying a car is to choose between available fuel options on the market – petrol, diesel, or CNG.

While the selection of model, colour, and variant might not put you in a dilemma, the fuel choice might drag your mind into confusion. The decision has not only implications in terms of the retail price but also going to influence your daily running cost in terms of fueling/refueling of the car.

Indeed, it is a complicated decision and requires a comprehensive analysis of some hard facts in a very objective manner. With electric vehicles expected in a short while, the popular rides available in the Indian market are still petrol, diesel, and CNG. We explain in detail important dimensions you should consider before finally selecting the fuel that your car should run on.

1. Retail cost:

The prices of the same variant of the car can differ considerably depending upon the fuel it runs on. The petrol variant of a vehicle is the cheapest while the diesel model is the one which costs you the highest. CNG variant, on the other hand, stacks between petrol and diesel with its price tag nearing the petrol variant than the diesel one. Take, for instance, Maruti Suzuki WagonR which is one of the best selling hatchbacks in India. The base petrol variant WagonR LXI is priced at Rs 4.34 lakh while the corresponding CNG variant is priced at Rs 4.99 lakh, thereby translating into a price difference of Rs 65,000.

However, when it comes to the difference between petrol and diesel variant prices, the contrast is starker. The petrol VXI and diesel VDI variants of Maruti Suzuki Swift are priced at Rs 6.14 lakh and Rs 7.03 lakh respectively which translates into a price difference of Rs 90,000. The dissimilarity in the price is even more exaggerated once we start moving up the price ladder and consider luxurious offerings having high snob value. For example, the difference between petrol and diesel variant price of Toyota Innova Crysta is around Rs 1.5 lakh which is quite substantial. (All prices, ex-showroom, Delhi).

Now before you decide which fuel option to go for, you have to seriously consider the implications of the retail price of the car for your financials. This becomes even more important if you are planning to finance your purchase by availing loan facility from banks or Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).

The petrol cars have the lowest price tag and keeping other things constant, you should go for a petrol variant if you lack the money or planning to finance the car. CNG option is not bad either and as we have seen above, the difference is not very large and won’t pressurize your financial condition much. The purchase of the diesel, however, is sure to put a strain on your pocket and in case you are planning to avail the loan facility, the diesel model should be the last fuel-choice in the list of your priorities. That said, these observations are only on the basis of the retail price of the car and in the next section, we explain how these dynamics can change when we introduce the daily traveling distance and fuel-efficiency concept into the picture.

2. Daily travel requirement:

Before we start doing number crunching, it’s important to consider the prices of the fuel in the country. For illustrative purposes, we are taking prices of fuel in Delhi and you can adjust the calculations according to the prevailing prices in your city. In Delhi, petrol costs Rs 72.42/liter, diesel Rs 65.82/liter, and CNG Rs 47.10/kg. In terms of fuel cost, petrol is the costliest while CNG is the cheapest one.

Now try to focus on your daily travel requirement. A simple thumb rule says that if you travel less than 70 km/day with monthly travel below 2500 km, you should go for a petrol vehicle. However, if your daily travel need is more than 70 km but less than 100 km, then CNG would be the right option for you. A person traveling more than 100 km per day with monthly travel exceeding 3000 km should consider buying the diesel car as the difference of Rs 7/liter in the price of petrol and diesel definitely help diesel car owners to save considerably on the fuel cost. Correlating this price difference (Rs 7/liter) with the retail price, you are able to recover the extra money spent on buying the diesel vehicle (around Rs 90,000) within a period of one or one-and-a-half years. However, make a note that the time taken to recover this extra money will be elongated if the car is purchased on the EMIs.

CNG variant also makes for a good option though the tight supply of CNG and its availability only on selected fuel stations is a major source of worry for buyers. In metropolitan cities, the availability of CNG might not be a big issue but it is definitely an impeding factor when it comes to the demand for CNG cars in the smaller cities and towns. Further, the CNG cylinder eats out most of the space in the boot which can further discourage many buyers from purchasing the car.

3. Fuel-efficiency factor:

CNG cars not only provides you the best fuel efficiency figures (delivering 31km/kg) but also has considerably less harmful impact on the environment – CNGs have at least 30% less emissions. Diesel stacks close second to CNG in fuel-economy (providing around 22-25 kmpl on an average) though it pollutes the environment in the worst possible manner (highest CO emissions among other gases). Petrol cars run comparatively cleaner than diesel though these are the least fuel-efficient in the trio (average pegging around 16-18 kmpl). Now considering the high fuel efficiency of diesel with its unconstrained supply, it’s no wonder that diesel is an ideal pick for people who use to drive long distances and munch miles on a regular basis.

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